预防医学卫生学英文文献中有关词语的汉译探讨

预防医学卫生学英文文献中有关词语的汉译探讨叶建强江苏省疾病预防控制中心信息所，江苏南京AnApproach toEnglish-ChineseTranslations ofRelatedWords andSentences from theDocuments ofPreventiveMedicine andHygienicsYeJianqiangDepartment ofPublicHealthInformation．JiangsuProvincialCenter forDiseaseControl andPrevention，Nanjing，、China摘要本文就预防医学卫生学英文文献中的有关词语通过直译、意译对比，有关名词在甸中的含义分析，对英汉表达较为差异的句子进行了翻译比较，并对医学文献中e×posure一词作了较为翔实的用法解释和例句翻译、以期为医学英语工作者和有关专业人员提供参考。关键词英文文献；预防医学；卫生学；词语翻译中图分类号：H515．9文献标识码：B+AbstractThis paper makes a comparative study onEnglish-Chinese translations of related words and sentences from the documents of preventive medicine and hygienics by example sentences，andSHOWS the use of the term“exposure”j13 the preventive medical documents．The author expect jt is helpful to those who are engaged in medicalEnglish．KeywordsEnglish documents：preventive medicine；hygienics； term trmnslation预防医学I!生学涉及如世面广，读者在阅渎有关英文文献资料时．常常要碰到大量专、㈨可语，·般情况下，可‘借助f耐典加以解决，但有时由厂[dill／在文中的特定含义，在Ff：多州典巾并不能找刮对应汉语，形成阅读障碍．从I『i『i影响对原文的领会，造成尴尬。这就要求我仃】读懂全文，善F透过语言文字的表向含义，正确翻译文章内容。本文试图就某些词语的汉译问题作一探讨。1直译意译并举，关键在于理解例1}C名：hlfornlationSourCOS inMc(1icalScieiices／1】副标题：1ifo in the21“CenturyAVision for a11汽译：医学科学信息、源——生活在：十·肚纪大观该潆文似乎不能表达书的内容，打开|_{录，并洲览全书的『人】容，发现它主要是对：_十‘一世纪的卫生及医疗保健状况的瞻望，故应适当意译为好。意湃：而向二_：十一吐纪——人们所关注的公共卫生及健康问题例2Glossary of terms used in the‘‘}lealth forAll”【…译为：用r-“人人享有卫生保健”项目的专fJ名称术语例3书名：oN being in charge——AGuide to managenlent in primaryHealthCarei3】直译：正在负责中——初级卫生保健管腥指南意泽：责任在肩——初级卫生保健管理指南2有关名词的汉译例1LegislativeAction toCombat theWo rld7]'obaccoEpidemic【… tobacco～—．朋草，句巾表达的意思共实是吸烟(smoking)，故译为：为反对l!f}：界性吸烟流行而进行的立法活动。例2书名：Nut ritionI．ea rningPackagesHPackage一词常指包裹、包装，如11iJ；{}l心体会，则使人尢法理解。这里是从书的意思。译：营养知识丛书试比较F列句子： packaging with plastjcs塑料包装例3SafetyIlleasures foF use in outbreak ofCommunicablc disease if-：传染性疾病爆发巾的安仓措施3有关Exposure的译法 expo su re-词常见于预防医。学书刊中，有pollell exposure，inha[ation exposure，chenfical exposure，pollution exposure，radialion exposure，exposure to harnfful contaminai儿等等。在世界卫生组织(W110)出版的EnvirollmentalHealthCriteria214(Human gxposm‘cAssess]nent)·书巾，有1段解释如下：Exposure is defirm(1 as contact over time and space between a persoI／ and one or nlore biologic，chemical or physical agents．Exposure{l；．[可定义为，人与某‘利，或多种生物的，化学的或物理源(因素)的一定时宅慨念的接触。请看以F例句：例JPeoPle a re exPosed to a variety of potential harmful agents in the air they breathe，the liquid they drink，the food they eat，the surfaces they touch and the products theY use．Atl iInportmlt aspect of public health protection is the prevention or reduction of exposures to environmental agents that contribute，either directlyOF indirectly，to increased rates of premature death，disease，discomfortOF disability．flowever·。‘译：人们暴露}二各种潜在的有害因素中，诸如呼吸的空气、喝的饮料、吃的食物，他们触摸的物体的表面及使用的产品。公众继康保护的一个重要方面就是预防和降低直接或帕J接导敛过早死1L、疾病、不适或伤残的已成增长的发生率。然而……例2Exposure assessmenL is to identify a11(1 define the exposures thatOccur，OF are anticipated toOccur，in huillall population．131洋：暴露评估就是认识并确定发生的或预期将发生的人群中的暴露。例3H eaIthEffects ofP01lenExposure㈧译：花粉暴露的卫生影响衙14ChFOItic arsenic exposure from drinking water(groundwater)was associated with increased incidence of skin lesions，even at low levels of arseltic exposure(<100mug／L)．”1译：由饮用水(地下水)引起的慢性砷暴露与皮肤病变发病率增加有关，即使是低7flj量的砷暴露(

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